Incidence Of Traumatic Dental Injuries Research Articles

Contextual and individual factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in deprived 12-year-old schoolchildren: A cohort study.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among children and adolescents have been acknowledged as of public health concern worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between contextual and individual characteristics and TDIs in 12-year-old schoolchildren. A cohort study was conducted with 355 schoolchildren living in deprived communities in the city of Manaus, Brazil. Contextual factors (place of residence and socio-economic indicators) and individual characteristics, including sex, family income, parents/guardians years of schooling, overjet and open bite (Dental Aesthetic Index), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale), oral health beliefs, social support (Social Support Appraisals) were assessed at baseline. TDIs were measured at baseline and at 2-year follow-up using the O'Brien Index. Data were analysed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The baseline prevalence of TDIs was 17.6% and the incidence of TDIs at 2-year follow-up was 26.8%. Better psychosocial status had a direct protective effect on the incidence of TDIs (β = -.184). Better contextual characteristics (β = -.135) and greater overjet (β = -.203) were directly associated with poor psychosocial status. Higher schooling of parents/guardians directly predicted better psychosocial status (β = .154). Psychosocial status mediated the relationship of greater overjet (β = .036), contextual factors (β = .024) and parental/guardian schooling (β = -.027) with TDIs. Contextual factors and individual characteristics predicted TDIs. Psychosocial status was a relevant individual attribute in the causal network of TDIs, due to the direct effect on the incidence of TDIs as well as a mediator on the influence of contextual factors, overjet and parents/guardians schooling on the incidence of TDIs.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Pattern and Presentation of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children in a Tertiary Health Institution.

COVID-19 pandemic brought adaptive changes in lifestyle with possible impact on the incidence of traumatic dental injuries. This study compared the presentation and pattern of traumatic dental injuries in children during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pandemic periods. This was a retrospective study done using clinical records of children aged 16 years and below who presented at the paediatric dental clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Information such as demographics, aetiology, type of injuries, and dentition type were elicited from the 1284 clinical records from March 2019 to February 2021. Data were analysed and the level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. One hundred (7.8%) patients presented with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs; 71 [8.5%] and 29 [6.5%] pre-pandemic [March 2019 to February 2020] and pandemic periods [March 2020 to February 2021], respectively) and their mean age was 7.0 (±4.2) years. The male-to-female ratio before and during the pandemic periods was 1.54:1 and 1.42:1, respectively. The commonest aetiology and type of TDI were falls 82 (82%) and injuries to tooth-supporting structures 45 (45%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in sex (P = 0.86), aetiology (P = 0.31), type of TDI (P = 0.16), and dentition affected (P = 0.97) between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods but the difference in the age groups was significant (P = 0.02). The incidence of TDIs was higher in the pre-pandemic period. The younger age group had more dental injuries than the older ones at both periods. This may be due to difficulty in enforcing restrictions on young children even during COVID-19 restrictions.

Traumatic dental injuries in adults attending a London-based trauma clinic in the UK: a seven-year survey

Introduction This survey reports the incidence of traumatic dental injuries in an adult population attending an adult dental trauma clinic in a London teaching hospital.Materials and methods Retrospective data were collected from patients attending an adult dental trauma clinic between 2012 and 2018.Results In total, 1,769 patients attended, with more men seen (1,030; 58.2%) compared to women (739; 41.8%) and this was statistically significant (p <0.05). The most common aetiological factor was an accidental fall (728; 41.15%), followed by assaults (413; 23.35%), bicycle accidents (253; 14.3%), sports injuries (132; 7.46%) and road traffic accidents (84; 4.75%). Lateral luxation (833) was the most common traumatic injury and this was followed by avulsions (362; 17%). Enamel-dentine fractures were the most common type of fracture injury (1,273; 64%).Discussion This retrospective survey attempts to report on the incidence of traumatic dental injuries in a London-based cohort of patients attending a specialised dental trauma clinic. In line with other reports, there were more men than women affected, which is probably attributed to behavioural activities.Conclusion(s) Accidental falls are the most common cause of a traumatic dental injury, lateral luxation was the most common type of displacement injury and enamel-dentine fractures were the most common type of fracture injury.

Retrospective analysis of traumatic dental injuries in the western black sea region of Turkey.

The incidence of traumatic dental injuries is affected by social, environmental, and socioeconomic variables. For this reason, epidemiological studies are an important tool for increasing social consciousness and guiding the necessary precautions about trauma. The study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical data of traumatic dental injuries in patients attending Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bulent Ecevit University, from around Zonguldak, over a period of 3 years (between January 2014 and January 2017). Data obtained from trauma charts were analyzed for age, sex, the time elapsed between injury and referral to the clinic, cause of trauma, number, and type of the teeth, type of the trauma, treatment, and seasonal distribution. In all, 188 patients, including 120 boys and 68 girls with a total of 316 traumatized teeth were evaluated. Most (61.7%) of the patients were 7-12 years old (the remaining 38.3% were 1-6 years old). The main cause of injury in both genders was falling. The most common types of trauma were subluxation in primary teeth and enamel dentin fracture in permanent teeth. In the primary dentition, examination and follow-up were the most applied treatments, whereas in permanent dentition, restorative treatments were the most applied treatments. Early intervention is important for the prognosis of the injured tooth. However, except for severe injuries, the rate of referral to the clinic after trauma was low. Therefore, the level of social awareness and knowledge of trauma should be increased.

Incidence of traumatic dental injury in Valencia, Spain.

Background While traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are an increasingly frequent occurrence in everyday dental practice, little research on TDIs has been published in Spain. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of TDIs in a population in Valencia (Spain) and investigate influential variables. In addition, a protocol for TDI data collection is proposed. Material and Methods This retrospective study compiled data from patients attending a private dental clinic between January 2003 and December 2014. The data were collected using a specially-elaborated protocol entitled “Emergency care of acute dental trauma”. Patients responded to each item, and data was added from case radiographs and photographs. Data were entered in a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet and submitted for analysis by SPSS 15.0 software (Chicago, IL) applying 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.01). Results 481 TDIs in 251 patients were examined at a private dental practice in Valencia. The population comprised 62.5% men and 37.5% women, aged 1 to 78 years. The highest frequency of tooth injuries occurred in children aged 9 years or younger. The most frequent injury was non-complicated crown fracture (43.2%). Upper central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth. The most frequent place where TDI was produced was in the street (28.7%), tripping over an immobile object being the most common cause (29%). Conclusions Thanks to the protocol elaborated for the purposes of this work, it was possible to compile a large quantity of data on TDI, facilitating future prevention and comparison with other regions. The results obtained concur with those published in the literature. Key words:Dental trauma, traumatic dental injuries, prevalence, epidemiology, risk factors.

Smartphones: The new risk factor for traumatic dental and facial injuries in children

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) have emerged as a significant global public health concern. One major problem which is developing and yet unreported is the incidence of traumatic dental injuries and soft tissue facial trauma due to the inadvertent falling of smartphones on to the face during their use in rest time. This is related to the weight of the smartphones and their excessive use in all parts of the world. This paper aims to highlight this phenomenon as an emerging aetiological factor for dental and facial injuries in children.

Traumatic dental injury

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence of traumatic dental injury and consequential dental impairment following road traffic accidents and to examine the factors that can affect the monetary value of compensation for bodily injury payable pursuant to current insurance regulations.From 2004 to 2014, 7233 persons involved in road traffic accidents in the province of Messina, eastern Sicily, were examined by insurance physicians to assess bodily injury damage. Data were collected from cases of traumatic dental injury causing malocclusion and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, either alone or concomitant with injuries to other parts of the body. Injury characteristics and consequential bodily injury damage were classified and the incidence calculated using Microsoft Excel software.The incidence of traumatic dental injuries was 3% of the total population (195 subjects - 127 males and 68 females); the majority of cases (56%) involved riders of two-wheeled vehicles. A high percentage of riders received injury to one or more teeth, i.e. fractures and dislocations, more frequently to the anterior teeth (68%) than the posterior teeth because of their position in the dental arch. Temporomandibular joint injuries were far fewer (8%) and resulted from either direct or indirect trauma associated with severe head and/or neck injury. The incidence of permanent bodily damage consequential to these injuries was fairly low.Although the incidence of dental trauma following road traffic accidents is low, the monetary compensation for consequential dental impairment based on current insurance regulatory law is far from negligible.

Incidence of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Primary Dentition among a Group of Preschool Egyptian Children Attending Pediatric Dentistry Department Cairo University : Cross Sectional Study

Incidence of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Primary Dentition among a Group of Preschool Egyptian Children Attending Pediatric Dentistry Department Cairo University : Cross Sectional Study

Incidence of dental traumatic injuries in children 0-4years of age: a prospective study based on parental reporting.

To collect prospective information reported by parents regarding dental traumas occurring in children 6months to 4years of age, furthermore, to collect data on complications from the dental records. The staff from the child health services distributed a questionnaire at the regular health check-up reviews for a number of age groups, i.e., 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, and 42months of age. The parents were to observe and register factors around dental trauma for the following 6-month period. The questionnaires (138) were returned, irrespective of any trauma having occurred or not. If a child was seeing a dentist (emergency visit), the diagnosis of trauma and later complications were collected from the dental records. There were 35 of 138 children experienced trauma (6-47months of age). The half-year incidence of trauma in children 6months to 4.0years of age was between 12 and 48%. A total of 41 traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) were reported. Of these 24 occurred indoors. The most common reason for trauma was falling accidents. In 24 out of the 41 reported TDIs the children were not seen by a dentist in connection with the trauma. The reason was that the parents thought the trauma did not matter. The high incidence of TDIs reported in toddlers in this study indicates that there is an under-reporting of TDIs in previously reported studies. The research design used in the present study has an advantage and should be tested in further studies.

Incidence of traumatic dental injuries in children aged 3–18 years in Tirupathi

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are considered to be an important issue due to its high prevalence, mainly in areas of high social privation. They have a strong impact on children's and adolescent's life quality because they cause physical and emotional distress, and in children, they might have a high negative impact on the social relationships. Involvement of children in sports activities and increase in traffic accidents have contributed to transform these TDI an emergent public health problem. Aim and Objectives: The current retrospective study is to determine the prevalence of TDI reported to Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, CKS Teja Dental College, Tirupathi, during the years 2011–2016. Methodology: Sample size is the total number of patients reported to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, CKS Teja Dental College, Tirupathi, within the period of 2010–2016. The data were retrieved from medical records of patients who reported to the department. Results: All recorded data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical software program (2012). The results were evaluated by Chi-square test. A total of 324 patients aged between 3 and 18 years met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. The highest frequency of TDI was in the 10–12-year-old participants and lowest frequency was in 3–6-year-old children. The etiology of TDI was analyzed; highest were caused by falls, followed by sports activities and then striking objectives and then followed by accidents and cycling. The most common type of injury was uncomplicated crown fracture (without pulp exposure) followed by avulsion and complicated crown fracture (with pulp exposure). Conclusion: Study observed the children in mixed dentition period as the population at risk. Hence, prevention through health promotion and correction of predisposing risk factors should be carried out in early mixed dentition period to reduce the prevalence of dental injury and to avoid the financial costs of treatment.

Assessment of traumatic dental injuries in patients with cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term for a group of conditions characterized essentially by motor dysfunctions that may be associated with sensory or cognitive impairment. Such children tend to have a higher incidence of traumatic dental injuries than the general population. This increased incidence is often attributed to poor muscular co-ordination that predisposes individuals with Cerebral palsy to trauma Aim: The study was conducted to assess different dental injuries and the risk factors for dental trauma to occur in patients with cerebral palsy. The study comprised 70 children and adolescents with cerebral palsy attending special school in Durg and Bhilai city between 7 and 18 years of age. Dentinal fracture was seen in 40% of cases. Few cases had tooth displacement, discoloration, and pulpal involvement. Dentists should be well aware of the possible dental injuries in such patients. Preventive measure measures should be taken by health care provider to reduce traumatic exposure.

Incidence of dental trauma among obese adolescents--a 3-year-prospective study.

The main objective of the present investigation was to estimate the incidence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI), in particular crown fractures in a 3-year follow-up of obese adolescents. Seven hundred and eighty-five 13-year-old school children were selected randomly. The crown fracture was classified according to Andreasen's criteria by visual examination without radiographs. Body mass index of the study subjects was determined. Increased overjet was considered as a risk factor when it presented values higher than 3 mm, while lip coverage was classified as adequate or inadequate. With appropriate sample weighting, relationships between TDI and other variables were assessed using the chi-squared test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and multivariable logistic regression. At baseline, 131 (17.15%) adolescents presented with TDI. The accumulated incidence of TDI during the 3-year period of study was 9.03%. Children with obesity and overweight were 2.78 times greater chance suffering TDI after adjusting for socioeconomic status, lip coverage, incisal overjet and previous history of trauma. Both at baseline and follow-up examination, most frequently affected tooth is right maxillary central incisor and most frequent type of TDI was enamel fracture (44.68%). Adolescents with obesity and overweight were a greater chance of TDI in a 3-year follow-up.

Fracture fragment reattachment of young permanent maxillary central incisors: A report of two cases

Incidence of traumatic dental injuries in children is relatively common. Emergency management of such injuries is essential for the maintenance of its function and esthetics. Coronal fractures of maxillary central incisors are the most common type of fractures. With the advances in adhesive dentistry, fracture fragment reattachment technique off ers a conservative, cost-eff ective, long-lasting esthetics, and restores function when the fractured tooth fragment is available. This case report discusses fracture fragment reattachment technique in conjunction with apexogenesis and apexifi cation in two clinical cases of coronal tooth fractures in young permanent teeth.

Knowledge and attitude of Saudi teachers of students with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder towards traumatic dental injuries

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood mental disorders that manifest with difficulties in staying focused and hyperactivity. Such children have been reported to have a higher incidence of traumatic dental injuries. The aim of this article was to study the knowledge and attitude of Saudi teachers of children with ADHD towards the management of traumatic dental injuries and compare them to their counterparts in mainstream schools. A four-part structured Arabic questionnaire was administered to 281 teachers of children with ADHD and 384 teachers in mainstream schools. The questionnaire recorded the demographic data, type of children taught, experience of the teacher in dealing with traumatic dental injuries, the teachers' perceived importance of managing traumatic dental injuries and their knowledge of emergency management of these injuries. The difference in knowledge and attitude between teachers of mainstream schools and schools for children with ADHD was assessed. The results of the study indicate that teachers of children with ADHD have a greater experience of witnessing traumatic dental injuries and place significantly more importance towards the management of these injuries than their counterparts in mainstream schools. The influence of demographic variables on knowledge seen in teachers from mainstream schools is absent in those teaching children with ADHD.

Tooth wear, enamel hypoplasia and traumatic dental injuries among cerebral palsy children of Riyadh city

ObjectivesTo determine and describe tooth wear, enamel hypoplasia and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in cerebral palsy (CP) children of Riyadh city. MethodsOne hundred and forty non-institutionalized CP children (82 males and 58 females) were examined in the dental clinic of the Disabled Children Association Center, Riyadh, for presence of tooth wear, enamel hypoplasia and traumatic dental injuries. ResultsThe children were divided into three age groups; the first group (3–6years) consisted of 41 children, second group (7–9years) consisted of 52 children and third group (10–12years) had 47 children. The prevalence of tooth wear was 9.3%, while enamel hypoplasia was found in 25% of the children. Age and gender were not correlated to tooth wear or enamel hypoplasia in the examined CP children (p>0.05). TDI were recorded in 12.1% of the children with a statistically significant difference between the first age group and; the second and third age groups (p<0.05). The incidence of TDI was higher in older age groups with no statistically significant difference between males and females (p>0.05). ConclusionsAbout one in each 10 children examined had tooth wear, while one quarter of them had enamel hypoplasia. Age and gender were not correlated to tooth wear or enamel hypoplasia. More than one tenth of the examined CP children had TDI with higher incidence in older age group.

Incidence of dental trauma among adolescents: a prospective cohort study

We estimated the incidence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in a 2-year follow-up of adolescents with and without previous dental trauma and verified the hypothesis that individuals with previous trauma are more prone to recurrent TDI events. The present study was developed in three phases. First, a dental trauma cross-sectional study was carried out with 2260 schoolchildren aged 11-13 years in Biguaçu, southern Brazil. In the second phase, a case-control study was developed to identify risk factors associated with dental trauma. The third step was a 2-year longitudinal observational study with the participants of the second phase of the study. The exposed group of individuals with previous dental traumatism (208) and a non-exposed group (208) of participants who had no previous signs of dental trauma were followed up for 2 years. Descriptive, univariate, simple and conditional multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. The greatest incidence of dental trauma was identified among adolescents with previous dental trauma (11.9%-11.44/1000 incisors) when compared with those without previous dental trauma (2.7%-2.45/1000 incisors) (P < 0.001). In the study period, adolescents with previous dental trauma showed a 4.85 times greater odds ratio for presenting further dental trauma when compared with adolescents without previous dental trauma (P = 0,005) after adjusting for incisal overjet, lip coverage and mother's schooling. A notable difference was observed regarding the incidence of TDI between the case and control groups. Individuals with previous dental trauma had greater chances of developing develop further dental trauma in a 2-year follow-up.